Foreword

Water softeners units eliminate calcium and magnesium salts from water. Such salts determine the hardness of the water. The treatment is referred to as "water softening" and consists in replacing said calcium and magnesium salts (salts which are not easily dissolved) with the corresponding sodium salts (which are highly soluble).
The process of replacing the salts is performed by using ion-exchange resins. These resins, when saturated with Ca and Mg ions, are "regenerated" using a solution of sodium chloride: common coarse salt.
The regeneration of the resins can be controlled either automatically - on a "time" or "volume" basis - or manually.
The hardness of the water has a negative effect on the production quality for a number of industries (dyeing plants, tanneries, laundries, etc.). In addition, it is a well-known fact that the hardness of the water causes the formation of scale on the hydraulic equipment and systems of industrial plants in general (steam generators, cooling towers, etc.); the higher the level of hardness of the water used and its temperature, the quicker the damaging salt deposits form and the more devastating their effect.
The INDUSTRIAL water softeners solve the problems created by the hardness of the water for industrial and hydro-thermal plants in general, as well as in various civilian environments: residential houses, hotels and restaurants, clinics and hospitals, etc..

Choosing a water softener

When choosing a water softener, the basic parameter is represented by the quality of the water with a certain hardness which can be softened during the course of a cycle, i.e. between one regeneration and the next (cycle/production). In the selection tables, each water softener model features the reference "minimum cycle" and "maximum cycle" respectively. The "minimum cycle" indicates the quantity of water with a hardness of 1ºFr (i.e. with 10 mg/1 as CaCO3), which can be softened between one regeneration and the next, maintaining an economical consumption of salt.

Multipling the value of the quantity of water to be softened in a production cycle by the value of the hardness expressed in ºF, the resulting value must fall between the minimum and maximum values indicated in the selection table. Consequently, it must be ensured that the value of the instantaneous rate of flow requested falls within the range of specific values of the minimum and maximum rate of the water softener selected.

Operating features:

• Min./max. operating pressure: 2-5 bar
• Min./max. operating temperature: 5/40 ºC
• Supply voltage/ frequency: 220V 50 Hz
• Power absorbed : 40W

Structural features:

• Tank: made in carbon steel, vertical cylinder type with convex bottoms, complete with lower manhole, upper handrail, connections for the filter inlet-outlet, upper connection for vent, lower connection for drain, supporting legs and eyehooks for lifting.

The lower distributor is on the lower side, made up of a central pipe and distribution arms with calibrated slots, the upper distributor is on the higher side. The inside welted surface is sandblasted to white metal (SA 2.5) and painted with two coats of food grade paint.
The outside surface is sandblasted, primer coated and finished with polyurethane base paint (RAL 5015)

Other omponents:

• Piping: made in galvanized iron
• Valves: six hydraulic or pneumatic cast iron diaphgram-type valves
• Regeneration: brine supplied directly from the preparation tank by means of an ejector.
• Programmer: electromechanical with valve control stager.
• Start-up of regeneration: time-activated for AT models, volume-activated for AV and DUPLEX models, controlled by electric signal from volumetric water meter.

Version.

The INDUSTRIAL line water softeners are available in the following versions:

1. AT: time-activated regeneration;
2. AV: volume-activated regeneration;
3. DUPLEX: two water softeners operating alternatively, i.e. with one unit in operation and thethe second under rigeneration.